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Harmful Algal Blooms

What are Harmful Algal Blooms?  

Algae are tiny photosynthetic organisms that naturally occur in Adirondack waters. When water warms and excessive nutrients, like phosphorous and nitrogen, are present, some toxin-producing algae can multiply quickly. The causes of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) range from phosphorus and nutrient loadings from direct sources such as wastewater treatment plants, failing septic systems, fertilizer use close to shore to other non-point source pollution and storm runoff into water bodies.  

The number of HABs in the Adirondack Park has increased dramatically in recent years, from just over a half dozen in 2021 to well over 60 occurrences in 2023. Algal blooms have many effects and economic implications, and we must work together to prevent them. 

What are the impacts of HABs?  

• People and pets exposed to certain types of HABs can become ill, whether swimming in or drinking impacted water or eating fish or inhaling droplets from impacted waters.  

• When algae die, their natural decomposition depletes oxygen in the water column, which can harm and even kill the organisms that rely on these habitats. 

• The large green mats of algae and associated health risks often deter people from enjoying lakes and ponds, which can take a toll on tourism and recreation.  

The impact of this pollution is exacerbated by the rising water temperatures in our Adirondack lakes due to climate change.

Harmful Algal Bloom in Augur-Lake (Essex-County) 2023

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) tracks the occurrence of HABs across the state. Check out the NYSDEC HABs reporting and notification page. 

Stopping Them at the Source  

Mitigation measures to reduce or prevent excessive phosphorus in Adirondack waters include pollution controls at direct discharge points. This can be inspections of and remediation for failing septic systems, regulatory bans on fertilizer lawn use close to a waterbody and land buffers along shorelines to limit run-off from storms. 

If a HAB is observed, local residents and visitors can report it on the NYSDEC HAB notification page. Adirondack counties work with lake associations to increase efforts to educate the public and enact programs to help stem the tide of HABs.  

Adirondack lakes can only be protected by solutions championed by those who live, work and play there. Communities need ongoing local government and state resources to implement mitigation measures effectively and launch educational programs for shoreline homeowners.